Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti Ṣaddām Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Majīd al-Tikrītī[1]; April 28, 1937[2] – December 30, 2006[3]), was the President of Iraq from July 16, 1979, until April 9, 2003.
As vice president under his cousin, General Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, Saddam tightly controlled conflict between the government and the armed forces by creating repressive security forces and cementing his own authority over the apparatus of government.
As president and head of the Baath Party, Saddam espoused secular pan-Arabism, economic modernization, and Arab socialism. Meanwhile, he consolidated one-party rule and maintained power through the Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988) and the Gulf War (1991). Saddam repressed movements he deemed threatening to the stability of Iraq, particularly those of ethnic or religious groups that sought independence or autonomy, such as Iraq's Shi'a Muslim, Kurdish and Turkmen populations.
Saddam's government collapsed as a result of the 2003 invasion of Iraq by an international coalition led by the United States, and he was captured by American forces on December 13, 2003. On November 5, 2006, he was convicted of crimes against humanity by the Iraq Special Tribunal and was sentenced to death by hanging
On December 26, 2006, Saddam's appeal was rejected and the death sentence upheld. He was executed in front of lawyers, officials, and a doctor at approximately 6:00 a.m. UTC+3 (03:10 UTC) on December 30, 2006, according to Iraqi television
موضوع: Saddam Hussein